Was ist tatsächlich notwendig, um den Klimawandel aufzuhalten?
Social tipping dynamics for stabilizing Earth’s climate by 2050
Im Frühjahr 2021 erschien in den „Proceedings“ der US-Nationalen Akademie der Wissenschaften („PNAS“) eine Studie des Teams um den ehemaligen PIK-Direktor Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, in der eine Reihe von sogenannten Kippinterventionen präsentiert werden, die eine Trendwende in Richtung eines wirksamen Klimaschutzes möglich erscheinen lassen.
Die Kernelemente:
Subventionen für fossile Energieträger streichen – Dezentrale Energiegewinnung – Klimafreundliches Bauen – Abzug von Finanzmitteln aus der fossilen Energiebranche – Klimaschutz als gesellschaftliche Norm etablieren – Ökologische Bildung
Weiterlesen
Streichung der Subventionen für fossile Energieträger (noch 2015 doppelt so hoch, wie die Subventionen für erneuerbare Energien!). Weg von zentralen Großkraftwerken, hin zu dezentraler Energiegewinnung.
- „Since large power stations relying on coal, oil, or gas exploitation are not profitable below a certain threshold of households supplied, decentralized generation systems and transitioning to local power generation might be expected to lead to a virtually complete decarbonization of production systems“
Klimafreundliches Bauen mit Holz, statt Beton (20% der Treibhausgasemissionen stammen aus Bau und Nutzung von Gebäuden)
- „There are many new construction materials that not only imply lower emissions but also could actively support carbon sequestration efforts in urban areas. To give an example, constructing a 142-m-high residential building using above 80% laminated timber could lead to sequestrating 21,040 tons CO2 and avoiding 50,000 tons CO2 emissions otherwise entailed in using standard construction materials such as steel and concrete, which is equivalent to the amount 33,000 cars emit per year“
Fossile Energieträger sind finanziell nicht mehr lohnend
- „the critical condition needed to trigger the tipping process is the moment when fossil-fuel–free energy production yields higher financial returns than the energy production based on fossil fuels. The empirical data show that this critical threshold is about to be reached; the prices of renewables have dropped sharply in the last few years, and they have already become the cheapest source of energy in many world regions.“
- „Simulations show that just 9% of investors could tip the system, inducing other investors to follow“
Abzug von Finanzmitteln aus fossilen Energieträgern – keine Garantien, Versicherungen etc. für die fossile Energiebranche
- „redirecting national subsidy programs to renewables and low-carbon energy sources or removing the subsidies for fossil-fuel technologies are the tipping interventions that are needed for the take-off and diffusion of fossil-fuel–free energy systems.“
Änderung von Normen und Werten. Klimaschädliches Verhalten muss gesellschaftlich als unmoralisch und klimaschützendes Verhalten als soziale Norm erkannt werden.
- „The control parameter is represented by the ethical perception of fossil fuels, the environmental externalities they generate, and the broader harm they visit on societies. The critical condition in the control parameter will be achieved if the majority of social and public opinion leaders recognize the ethical implications of fossil fuels and generate pressure in their peer groups to ostracize the use of products involving fossil fuel burning. This could be more widespread in religious communities and be led by spiritual leaders, perhaps following the example of Pope Francis’s encyclical Laudato si’“
Die Grundlage für diese Normen und Werte müssen im Bildungssystem gelegt werden. Hier ist die informationelle Basis für das Erkennen der Vernünftigkeit und Notwendigkeit solcher Normen zu legen.
- „The effects of changes in educational programs can also lead to a social tipping process as soon as the new generation enters the job market and public decision-making bodies. The recent #FridaysForFuture protests demonstrate the upcoming new generation might radically change the political scene. It is estimated that within just half a year the school children movement grew to 1.5 million students in 125 countries. The effects of educational campaigns can be strengthened by a supportive family and community context as well as by media campaigns, advertising bans, higher taxes, use prohibitions, and lawsuits against producers“
Konkrete Verbraucherinformationen zu den Treibhausgas-Emissionen bei der Herstellung von Produkten.
- „The control parameter is represented by the transparency of the impact of individual consumer and lifestyle choices and carbon emissions. Transparency and disclosure of information about carbon emissions are needed, for instance, not just to provide a solid basis for global, regional, and national policies but also to increase public and consumer awareness and improve labeling programs, triggering action and lifestyle changes to support decarbonization“